UNITAS V — DISTINCTIO VII–VIII, FLOS (1225) & LIBER ABACI CAP. XII

De Altitudinibus per Quadrantem, Subtilitatibus Geometricis, Quaestionibus Floris et Paribus Coniculorum

Fons Criticus: boncompagni:1862 (Vol. II, pp. 202–247) & boncompagni:1857 (Vol. I, pp. 283–284) · English Translation · Summary · GEOMETOR Notes


[Folio fol. 130v–134r | p. 202–207]

Distinctio VII — De Inventione Altitudinum Rerum Elevatarum et Quadrante

Versio Anglica: Distinctio VII — Surveying & the Quadrans (pp. 202–207) · Commentarius: Notae ad Quadrantem

Explicit distinctio sexta; incipit septima distinctio de inventione altitudinum rerum elevatarum, profunditatum atque planorum.
Distinctio VII — Optical Quadrans (Umbra Recta & Umbra Versa) ( D I ): x**2 + (y - 12)**2 - 144 = 0 [ I P ]: y = 0 [ A H ]: x - 12 = 0 [ A B ]: 12*x + 12*y - 144 = 0 [ D C ]: 12*x + 8*y - 96 = 0 / D P /: length = 4*sqrt(13) / U3 UT3 /: length = 12 / VL3 VR3 /: length = 12 / U6 UT6 /: length = 12 / VL6 VR6 /: length = 12 / U9 UT9 /: length = 12 / VL9 VR9 /: length = 12 I = (0, 0) A = (12, 0) H = (12, 12) D = (0, 12) B = (6*sqrt(2), 12 - 6*sqrt(2)) C = (24*sqrt(13)/13, 12 - 36*sqrt(13)/13) P = (8, 0) I A H D B C P
Quadrans < D H A I > habens in utroque latere (umbra recta [ I P ] et umbra versa [ A H ]) puncta duodecim, cum quarta circuli ( D I ), dyametro [ A B ] et perpendiculo / D P / secante in P = 8.

Ostenditur mensuratio altitudinum tam per virgas et specula ex similitudine trigonorum rectangulorum [VI. 4], quam per instrumentum quod dicitur quadrans (quem quidem oroscopum vocant, p. 204). Intra quartam partem circuli (DI) describitur quadratum DHAI, cuius utrumque latus IA (umbra recta) et AH (umbra versa) dividitur in duodecim puncta equalia, protractaque dyametro DA usque in B. Cum autem filum perpendiculi DP (secans arcum per DC in C) ceciderit super punctum P (utpote super $.VIII.$ puncta), proportio spatij plani ad altitudinem rei super oculum mensoris est sicut $.VIII.$ ad $.XII.$.


[Folio fol. 134r–148v | p. 207–226]

Distinctio VIII — De Quibusdam Subtilitatibus Geometricis

Versio Anglica: Distinctio VIII — Pentagon, Decagon & Al-Jabr (pp. 207–226) · Commentarius: Notae ad Censum Census

Incipit distinctio octava de quibusdam subtilitatibus geometricis: invenire latus decagoni et pentagoni equilateri in circulo cuius dyameter sit $.X.$.
Distinctio VIII — Regular Pentagon & Decagon in Circle of Diameter 10 ( I A ): x**2 + y**2 - 25 = 0 ( H D ): y**2 + (x - 5/2)**2 - 125/4 = 0 [ I K ]: y = 0 / I D /: length = 5 / H D /: length = 5*sqrt(5)/2 / I K /: length = -5/2 + 5*sqrt(5)/2 / D K /: length = 5*sqrt(10 - 2*sqrt(5))/2 / D Q1 /: length = 10*sqrt(-600*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) - 450*sqrt(6)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5)) - 150*sqrt(30)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5)) - 600*sqrt(5) - 60*sqrt(5)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 600*sqrt(6)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5400)/(sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*(sqrt(15)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5*sqrt(3)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 30*sqrt(2))) / Q1 P1 /: length = 10*sqrt(-600*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) - 450*sqrt(6)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5)) - 150*sqrt(30)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5)) - 600*sqrt(5) - 60*sqrt(5)*sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 600*sqrt(6)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5400)/(sqrt(5 - sqrt(5))*(sqrt(15)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5*sqrt(3)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 30*sqrt(2))) A = (5, 0) C = (-5, 0) I = (0, 0) D = (0, 5) H = (5/2, 0) P1 = (5*sqrt(2)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/4, -5/4 + 5*sqrt(5)/4) P4 = (-5*sqrt(2)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/4, -5/4 + 5*sqrt(5)/4) P2 = (-5*sqrt(2)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/8 + 5*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/8, -5*sqrt(5)/4 - 5/4) P3 = (-5*sqrt(10)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/8 + 5*sqrt(2)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5)/8, -5*sqrt(5)/4 - 5/4) K = (5/2 - 5*sqrt(5)/2, 0) Q1 = ((-75*sqrt(15) + 75*sqrt(2)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 375*sqrt(3))/(sqrt(15 - 3*sqrt(5))*(sqrt(15)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5*sqrt(3)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 30*sqrt(2))), (75*sqrt(5) + 225 + 75*sqrt(6)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5))/(sqrt(15 - 3*sqrt(5))*(sqrt(15)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 5*sqrt(3)*sqrt(sqrt(5) + 5) + 30*sqrt(2)))) A C I D H P1 P4 P2 P3 K Q1
Circulus ( I A ) dyametri CA = 10 circa centrum I: per punctum medium H et spatium / H D / = rad. 31 1/4 describitur arcus ( H D ) determinans latus decagoni / I K / = / D Q1 / et latus pentagoni / D K / in figura < D P1 P2 P3 P4 >.

In circulo (IA) dyametri $CA = 10$ per C, I, A, ducatur semidyameter perpendicularis ID $= 5$, dividaturque $IC$ per equalia in H ($2\frac{1}{2}$), ita ut quadratum HD sit $31\frac{1}{4}$. Descripto circulo (HD) secante dyametrum IK in K, erit IK latus decagoni equale corde DQ1: [XIII. 9]

$$IK = \sqrt{31\frac{1}{4}} - 2\frac{1}{2};$$

et subtensa DK erit latus pentagoni DP1P2P3P4 (P1, P2, P3, P4): [XIII. 10]

$$DK = \sqrt{62\frac{1}{2} - \sqrt{781\frac{1}{4}}}.$$

Idemque demonstratur secundum regulam algebre (Maumeti et Abu Camil), ponendo latus pentagoni rem unam ($x$), unde census census et $3{,}125$ equantur $125$ censibus ($x^4 + 3{,}125 = 125 x^2$).


[Folio Flos (1225) | p. 227–234]

Appendix I — Ex Flore Leonardi Pisani (Anno M.CC.XXV)

Versio Anglica: Bridge I — Flos: The Imperial Cubic & Congruum (pp. 227–234) · Commentarius: Notae ad Florem

Coram serenissimo imperatore Frederico secundo, magister Iohannes Panormitanus proposuit duas questiones (fibonacci:flos):

  1. De Congruo Quinarii: Invenire numerum quadratum cui si addatur vel minuatur quinarius, semper oriatur numerus quadratus. Per congruum $720 = 5 \times 144$ ostenditur radicem quesitam esse $3\frac{5}{12} = \frac{41}{12}$, cum $\left(\frac{41}{12}\right)^2 - 5 = \left(\frac{31}{12}\right)^2$ et $\left(\frac{41}{12}\right)^2 + 5 = \left(\frac{49}{12}\right)^2$.

  2. De Cubo et Censibus ac Rebus: Invenire lineam ex qua cubus et duo census et decem radices equentur viginti ($x^3 + 2x^2 + 10x = 20$). Demonstrato per decimum librum Euclidis quod hec radix neque rationalis est neque ulla ex lineis irrationalibus decimi libri (binomiale, recisum, medialis), invenit Leonardus eius propinquationem secundum minutias astronomorum:

    $$x \approx 1^{\circ}\ 22'\ 7''\ 42'''\ 33''''\ 4'''''\ 40''''''.$$


[Folio Liber Abaci XII | p. 283–284]

Appendix II — Ex Libro Abbaci Cap. XII: Quot Paria Coniculorum

Versio Anglica: Bridge II — Liber Abaci Rabbit Recurrence (Vol. I, pp. 283–284) · Commentarius: Notae ad Seriem Leonardi

Quot paria coniculorum in uno anno ex uno pario germinentur (boncompagni:1857, p. 283).

Quidam posuit unum par coniculorum in quodam loco, qui erat undique pariete circundatus, ut sciret quot ex eo paria germinarentur in uno anno: cum natura eorum sit in uno mense aliud par germinare, et in secundo mense ab eorum nativitate germinant. Cum in primo sint $2$, in secundo $3$, in tertio $5$, in quarto $8$, in quinto $13$, in sexto $21$, in septimo $34$, in octavo $55$, in nono $89$, in decimo $144$, in undecimo $233$, et in duodecimo $377$.

Iunximus namque primum numerum cum secundo, videlicet $1$ cum $2$; et secundum cum tertio; et tertium cum quarto; et quartum cum quinto; et sic unum post aliud, donec iunximus decimum cum undecimo, videlicet $144$ cum $233$; et habuimus suprascriptorum coniculorum summam, videlicet $377$; et sic posses facere per ordinem de infinitis numeris mensibus.