Summary — Book V (Propositions 84–113 [V. 1–77])¶
1. Subnormals, Evolute Equations & Normal Multiplicity¶
Conic |
Subnormal NG |
Evolute Equation Derived from Prop. 99 [V. 51–52] |
Real Normals from O |
|---|---|---|---|
Parabola () |
(constant) |
(Semicubical Parabola) |
3 (inside), 2 (on cusp-arc), 1 (outside) |
Ellipse () |
(Astroidal Lamé Curve) |
4 (inside), 3 (on arc), 2 (outside / at cusps) |
|
Hyperbola () |
4, 3, or 2 across branches |
2. The Hyperbola of Apollonius (V. 62–63 [Prop. 106])¶
For an ellipse and target point Ox0y0, the normal at Pxy passes through O if and only if P lies on the auxiliary rectangular hyperbola:
\[(a^2 - b^2)\, x y + b^2 y_0\, x - a^2 x_0\, y = 0,\]
which passes through the center C00, the target point Ox0y0, and has asymptotes parallel to the principal axes—intersecting the conic in at most 4 points by Book IV Prop. 78!